Peter's 2nd 🧠

    Python Advanced Typings

    • TypeGuards

    • ParamSpec

    • Covariant invariant countervariant

    • Annotated

    • Final

    • ClassVar

    • Protocol

    • runtime_checkable

    • NamedTuple

    • TypedDict

    • FrozenSet

    • DefaultDict

    • collections

    • abc

    • async

    • overload, cast, final

    • no_type_check, type_check_only

    • https://dev.to/meseta/factories-abstract-base-classes-and-python-s-new-protocols-structural-subtyping-20bm

    • https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/subclasscheck-and-subclasshook-in-python/

    • GenericAlias: a parameterized generics

    • https://blog.daftcode.pl/covariance-contravariance-and-invariance-the-ultimate-python-guide-8fabc0c24278

    • functools classmethod => property => cache (lazy initialization)

    property => abstractmethod

    • __get__, __class_getitem__ etc.
    • .pyi only works when imported (makes sense, since its a stubby stub)

    Trick to Type Hint Pytorch __call__

    from typing import Callable, Literal, TypeVar, Union, cast, overload

  

from torch.nn import Module

  

C = TypeVar("C", bound=Callable)

  
  

def proxy(f: C) -> C:

 return cast(C, lambda self, *x, **y: super(self.__class__, self).__call__(*x, **y))

  
  

class M(Module):

 @overload

 def forward(self, hi: int, add: Literal[False]) -> float:

 ...

  

 @overload

 def forward(self, hi: int, add: Literal[True]) -> int:

 ...

  

 def forward(self, hi: int, add: bool) -> Union[float, int]:

 return hi + 1

  

 def another(self, nononno: str) -> None:

 print(nononno)

  

 __call__ = proxy(forward)

  
  

h = M()

h()